The Baroque period was marked by great artistic upheaval, the abandonment of the refined simplicity of the Renaissance in favour of a more flamboyant style. This was partly due to the increased interest in religion and the Counter-Reformation, which led to a demand for more dramatic works that would appeal to a wider audience. In painting, this is seen in the use of light and shadow to create a sense of movement and drama, and the incorporation of religious iconography. The development of new printing techniques also enabled artists to reach a wider audience than ever before. The result was a resurgence in the popularity of engravings, which were often used to announce upcoming events or disseminate political propaganda. The Baroque period was also a time of great architectural innovation, with the construction of grandiose churches and public buildings designed to impress and amaze. Ultimately, the Baroque period is defined by its grandeur and excess, creating some of the most memorable and iconic works of art in history.

Two of the most famous painters of the Baroque period are Johannes Vermeer and Caravaggio. Both artists were known for their masterful use of light and shadow, as well as their ability to create a sense of depth and perspective in their works. Vermeer's paintings often feature intimate scenes of Dutch domestic life, such as The Milkmaid and The Astronomer. Caravaggio's works are more dramatic and often feature biblical or mythological scenes. While both artists were highly respected in their time, Caravaggio's work was more controversial because of its unorthodox subjects. However, both painters have since been recognised as two of the most important artists of the Baroque period, and their works continue to be revered by art lovers around the world.

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